Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) - UC Davis PSSM1 occurs in Warmbloods but it accounts for less than 10% of the cases of PSSM in this breed (more likely to have type 2 PSSM). Both presentations involve muscle loss or damage and are linked to the same genetic variant. The American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) has funded research into this disease since 1995 and has provided us with the opportunity to learn much about the diagnosis, cause and treatment for this disease. The exact cause of the condition not yet known. International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology Equine Vet J Suppl. Quarter Horses and related Quarter Horse breeds may have a second mutation called the modifying gene, a positive for both mutations will have more severe signs of the disease. PSSM1 is diagnosed through the genetic test for the GYS1 variant. Stanley RL, McCue ME, Valberg SJ, Mickelson JR , Mayhew IG, McGowan C, Hahn CN ,. Firshman AM, Valberg SJ, Karges TL, Benedict LE, Annandale EJ, Seaquist ER. Its likely an old genetic mutation that occurred prior to the foundation of most modern horse breeds. It stimulates the muscle to take up sugar from the bloodstream. PSSM in horses is the abnormal deposition of polysaccharides (Glycogen) in the horses muscle cell. Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, and chloride) may be added to drinking water, if palatable to the horse. Genetic testing can be utilized to avoid breeding PSSM1-affected horses. Glycogen is a type of sugar that is stored in the muscles and used for energy. Insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle glucose transport in Equine Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy. Polysaccharide storage myopathy or PSSM is a muscle disease that occurs primarily in horses with Quarter Horse bloodlines such as Quarter Horses, Paint Horses, and Appaloosas. In Vivo Evaluation of Lag Screw Fixation of Sacroiliac Luxation/Fracture, Use of a Novel Imaging System as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool for Evaluating Feline Iris Melanocytic Tumors, Instinct: New Electronic Medical Records System. How do I know if my horse is having an episode of tying up? We cannot make anything more than general recommendations about the disease as we have not evaluated your horse to know if there are any concurrent problems that would make our diet or exercise recommendations contraindicated. Type 2 PSSM refers to PSSM that occurs without genetic mutation. You must avoid the complete rest of your horse. Determine if the horse is dehydrated, due to excessive sweating. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:1956-1964. Further, Type 1 PSSM is inherited from both mares and stallions. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) - AQHA Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) PSSM is a disease that causes an abnormal accumulation of glycogen, the form of sugar stored in the muscle. The managemental guide also simple; diet and exercise. Valberg, S.J., Williams, Z.J., Finno, C.J., Schultz, A., Velez-Irizarry, D., Henry, M.L., Gardner, K., Petersen, J.L. Regular exercise is the best way to prevent and manage PSSM in horses. This enhances glucose utilization, and improves energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Many feed companies have low starch fat formulated diets for horses that work for horses with PSSM. Both tests are done at the University of Minnesota. Plain water should always be available as an alternative. Hose the horse to remove sweat if the weather is warm. McCue ME, Armin AG, Lucio M, Mickelson JR, Valberg SJ. If necessary, caloric intake should be reduced by using a grazing muzzle during turn-out, feeding hay with a low nonstructural carbohydrate content (NSC) at 1 to 1.5% of body weight, providing a low calorie ration balancer and gradually introducing daily exercise. Regents of the University of Minnesota. No matter who is selected as the breeding partner there is a 50% chance or greater that a PSSM1 horses offspring will develop the disease. Pinched skin will normally spring back and saliva should be wet, not tacky. PSSM can also be found in Drafts and Draft crossbreeds. Comparison of Histopathologic Criteria and Skeletal Muscle Fixation Techniques for the Diagnosis of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy in Horses. Prevalence and clinical signs of polysaccharide storage myopathy and shivers in Belgian Draft Horses.
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