Results demonstrated that when attending to visual stimuli, the amount of voltage fluctuation was greater at occipital sites for attended stimuli when compared to unattended stimuli. Analysis of the unattended message might occur below the level of conscious awareness. As a consequence, events such as hearing one's own name when not paying attention should be an impossibility since this information should be filtered out before you can process its meaning. [18], The hierarchical system of analysis is one of maximal economy: while facilitating the potential for important, unexpected, or unattended stimuli to be perceived, it ensures that those messages sufficiently attenuated do not get through much more than the earliest stages of analysis, preventing an overburden on sensory processing capacity. In experiments, Treisman demonstrated that participants were still able to identify the contents of an unattended message, indicating that they were able to process the meaning of both the attended and unattended messages. Lachter J, Forster KI, Ruthruff E. Forty-five years after Broadbent (1958): Still no identification without attention. The hierarchical analysis process is characterized by a serial nature, yielding a unique result for each word or piece of data analyzed. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Treisman's accomplishments were recognized by the National Academy of Sciences in the USA in 1994 and by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995. 4. Treisman proposed attenuation theory as a means to explain how unattended stimuli sometimes came to be processed in a more rigorous manner than what Broadbents filter model could account for. According to Broadbent, any information not being attended to would be filtered out, and should be processed only insofar as the physical qualities necessitated by the filter. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. After the initial phase of attenuation, information is then passed on to a hierarchy of analyzers that perform higher level processes to extract more meaningful content (see Hierarchical analyzers section below). For example, research by Von Wright et al. If demands are high, attenuation becomes more aggressive, and only allows important or relevant information from the unattended message to be processed. Based upon the physical properties extracted at the initial stage, the filter would allow only those stimuli possessing certain criterion features (e.g., pitch, loudness, location) to pass through. "We must be selective in our attention by focusing on some events to the detriment of others. [13] In 1996, she became the first psychologist to win the Golden Brain Award. Treisman proved in several studies that the initial filter attenuates rather than eliminates irrelevant information. [3] However, unlike Broadbent's model, the filter now attenuates unattended information instead of filtering it out completely. Attenuation theory - Wikipedia Treisman's Attenuation Model (1964) Anne Treisman was actually one of Broadbent's students and continued his work on attention theory. In this session we are going to learn about Treisman's Attenuation theory. Thus, information on the unattended channel should not be comprehended. As a result, highly meaningful or pertinent information in the unattended ear will get through the filter for further processing at the level of meaning. Cherry, E. C. (1953). [20], Von Voorhis and Hillyard (1977) used an EEG to observe event-related potentials (ERPs) of visual stimuli. Information processing model of Treismans Attenuation theory. She proposed an alternative mechanism, attenuation theory. In all cases, support was found for a theory of attenuation. According to the memory selection theory of attention, both attended and unattended messages pass through the initial filter and are then sorted at a second-stage based upon the actual meaning of the message's contents. Since selection was sensitive to physical properties alone, this was thought to be the reason why people possessed so little knowledge regarding the contents of an unattended message. Typically, people can tell you if the ignored message was a mans or a womans voice, or other physical characteristics of the speech, but they cannot tell you what the message was about. That is, they inferred that it was impossible to attend to all the sensory information available at any one time due to limited processing capacity. Typically, in this method, participants are asked to simultaneously repeat aloud speech played into one ear (called the attended ear) while another message is spoken to the other ear.
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