Bartolom de Las Casas was a prolific writer. as Spaniards expanded their control over territories and their indigenous populations. Since in central and southern Mexico (Mesoamerica) and the highland Andes indigenous peoples had existing traditions of payment of tribute and required labor service, the Spanish could tap into these systems to extract wealth. Unit 2: Colonial America Test Review Quiz - Quizizz To satisfy his debts to the Welsers, he granted them the right to colonize and exploit western Venezuela, with the proviso that they found two towns with 300 settlers each and construct fortifications. A central plaza had the most important buildings on the four sides, especially buildings for royal officials and the main church. As the colonial economy became more diversified and less dependent on these mechanisms for the accumulation of wealth, the indigenous noblemen became less important for the economy. "Kurakas and commerce: a chapter in the evolution of Andean society." Among the foodstuffs that became staples in European cuisine and could be grown there were tomatoes, squashes, bell peppers, and to a lesser extent, chili peppers; also nuts of various kinds: walnut]]s, cashews, pecans, and peanuts. His fall from power is viewed as an example of the weakening of the crown in the mid-seventeenth century since it failed to protect their duly appointed bishop. Posted 4 years ago. Lockhart and Schwartz, Early Latin America, pp. [101] In 2007 Pope Benedict XVI issued a less sweeping apology for the wrongs done in the conversion of indigenous peoples. Peru was the last territory in the continent under Spanish rule, which ended on 9 December 1824 at the Battle of Ayacucho (Spanish rule continued until 1898 in Cuba and Puerto Rico). [106] Until the eighteenth century, there were just two viceroyalties, with the Viceroyalty of New Spain (founded 1535) administering North America, a portion of the Caribbean, and the Philippines, and the viceroyalty of Peru (founded 1542) having jurisdiction over Spanish South America. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following was a primary feature of social relations established in the Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere?, In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to, Which of the following statements about the population of North America at the time of Christopher Columbus' voyages is . Tribute goods in Mexico were most usually lengths of cotton cloth, woven by women, and maize and other foodstuffs produced by men. Audiencias were a significant base of power and influence for American-born elites, starting in the late sixteenth century, with nearly a quarter of appointees being born in the Indies by 1687. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Expeditions continued to explore territories in hopes of finding another Aztec or Inca empire, with no further success. The laws were the first codified set of laws governing the behavior of Spanish settlers in the Americas, particularly with regards to treatment of native Indians in the institution of the encomienda. There were also sub-treasuries at important ports and mining districts. This is not a fabrication; indigenous death to such diseases claimed around 50% in Tenochtitlan and up to 90% elsewhere on the continent. Settled from the south were Buenos Aires (1536, 1580); Asuncin (1537); Potos (1545); La Paz, Bolivia (1548); and Tucumn (1553). "Peace by purchase" ended the conflict. [109] They were the "center of the administrative system [and] gave the government of the Indies a strong basis of permanence and continuity. The Central African Empire was a short-lived and self-proclaimed "imperial" one-party state ruled by an absolute monarch that replaced the Central African Republic. Records of the conquest of central Mexico include accounts by the expedition leader Hernn Corts, Bernal Daz del Castillo and other Spanish conquistadors, indigenous allies from the city-states altepetl of Tlaxcala, Texcoco, and Huexotzinco. [98][99] The history of the Guaran has also been the subject of a recent study. The conquistadors originally organized it as a captaincy general within the Viceroyalty of Peru. But the indigenous allies had much to gain by throwing off Aztec rule. After the collapse of the Taino population of Hispaniola, Spaniards began raiding indigenous settlements on nearby islands, including Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica, to enslave those populations, replicating the demographic catastrophe there as well. [74], Beginning in 1522 in the newly conquered Mexico, government units in the Spanish empire had a royal treasury controlled by a set of oficiales reales (royal officials). Who had? The monarchy was abolished and the republic was restored on 21 September 1979. Although Spaniards had hoped to find vast quantities of gold, the discovery of large quantities of silver became the motor of the Spanish colonial economy, a major source of income for the Spanish crown, and transformed the international economy. Cline, and Javier Pescador, Cook, David Noble. [45] In 1565, Spain established a settlement in St. Augustine, Florida, lasting in one way or another until modern times. The Aztecs did not govern over an empire in the conventional sense, but were the hegemons of a confederation of dozens of city-states, tribes and other polities; the status of each varied from harshly subjugated to closely allied. In 1542 Dominican friar Bartolom de Las Casas wrote a damning account of this demographic catastrophe, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies.
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